Conditions We Treat: Children

Speech Sound & Articulation Disorders

Treatment for children who substitute, omit, distort, or add sounds in ways that affect how clearly they're understood.

What Are Speech Sound Disorders?

Most children mix up sounds while they're learning to talk — saying "wabbit" for "rabbit" or "wun" for "run" — and most grow out of it by age 5 or 6. When those substitutions stick around past that point, it's worth a closer look, since unclear speech can start to affect how well a child is understood, and sometimes how they're doing socially or in school.

Speech sound disorders fall into two broad types: articulation disorders, where a child has trouble physically coordinating the movements needed to produce a sound correctly, and phonological disorders, where a child can make the individual sounds just fine but has trouble organizing them correctly within words — for example, consistently dropping the same sound in the same position across many words.

A speech therapist with a long braid modeling a sound with her finger to her lips while a boy in glasses watches closely, with a hand mirror and picture cards on the tableWatching how a sound is made is often the first step to making it.

Common Patterns We Look For

Speech sound errors tend to fall into a few recognizable patterns.

  • Substitutions — swapping one sound for another, like "wun" for "run"
  • Omissions — leaving a sound out entirely, like "anana" for "banana"
  • Distortions — a sound that's close but slightly off, like a slushy "sh" in "ship"
  • Additions — adding an extra sound that doesn't belong, like "buh-lue" for "blue"

What Can Increase the Likelihood of a Speech Sound Disorder

A few factors tend to come up more often in children with speech sound disorders — though having one of these doesn't mean a child will definitely be affected.

  • Being male — speech sound disorders show up somewhat more often in boys
  • Complications during pregnancy or delivery, low birthweight, or a preterm birth
  • A family history of speech or language difficulties
  • Frequent ear infections with fluid buildup, which can affect how clearly a child hears speech sounds
A pediatrician checking a smiling girl's ear with an otoscope while her father sits beside her in a bright exam roomEar infections and hearing changes can affect how clearly a child learns sounds.

Our Approach to Treatment

We start with a full screening — listening to how a child produces sounds both on their own and in conversation, along with a quick check of mouth and facial structure — to understand exactly which sounds need work and why. From there, therapy is built around that child's specific sound errors, moving step by step: practicing a sound on its own, combining it with syllables, using it in real words, then sentences, stories, and eventually natural conversation.

A male speech therapist and a young girl in a yellow dress laughing over a picture-card sound game on a play rugPractice that feels like play helps new sounds stick.

How You Can Help at Home

A few simple habits between sessions can reinforce what's happening in therapy.

  • Practice target sounds for 10-15 minutes a day through games, coloring, or word-search style activities
  • Ask gently for a correction rather than demanding one, and praise effort before correcting
  • Read together, choosing books that naturally include your child's target sounds
  • Work target words into everyday conversation and play, rather than only formal practice time
A mother and her daughter smiling as they practice picture cards together at the kitchen tableA few relaxed minutes a day at home keeps progress going between sessions.

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